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Salomon III
Salomon III or Solomon III was the Emperor of Ethiopia (20 May 1796 – 15 July 1797 and 16 June – 25 July 1799〔Herbert Weld Blundell, ''The Royal chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769-1840'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1922), p. 461. E. A. Wallis Budge (''A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia'', 1928 (the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970 ), p. 479) states he ruled for a few days, starting on 20 May.〕) and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the son of Tekle Haymanot II. He may be identical with the Emperor Solomon whom the traveler Henry Salt lists as one of the Emperors still alive at the time of his visit in 1809/1810.〔Henry Salt, ''A Voyage to Abyssinia and Travels into the Interior of that Country'', 1814 (London: Frank Cass, 1958), p. 474〕 E. A. Wallis Budge notes some authorities believe he was the same person as Baeda Maryam II.〔Wallis Budge, ''A History'', p. 479〕
== Life ==
He was largely a figurehead, appointed Emperor by ''Ras'' Wolde Selassie of Tigray and ''Ras'' Mare'ed in 1796. He spent the next year struggling with his rival, and brother, the former Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I; while he was preoccupied with Tekle Giyorgis, Gondar was surrounded in May 1797 by the rebel ''Balambaras'' Asserat, who did not have the military strength to enter the capital city, and limited his destruction to burning the property of Tekle Giyorgis in Gondar. Salomon was forced to flee Gondar, and took refuge in Axum where he lived under the protection of ''Ras'' Wolde Selassie.〔Richard K.P. Pankhurst, ''History of Ethiopian Towns'' (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), vol. 1 p. 177〕 The ''Ras'' then supported the restoration of Salomon's brother Tekle Giyorgis.〔Salt states Wolde Selassie "successively espoused the claims of Ayto Solomon, the son of Tecla Haimanot and of Tecla Georgis, his brother, whom, in spite of the combined forces of the chiefs of Amhara, he carried to Gondar and placed on the throne". (''A Voyage'', p. 254)〕 Not long afterwards, Salomon was invited to live with his brother as his guest.〔Weld Blundell, ''Royal chronicle'', p. 449〕
In May 1797, while Tekle Giyorgis was campaigning in Begemder, Salomon disappeared from Tekle Giyorgis' camp and made his way back to Gondar where he received by ''Ras'' Mare'ed. ''Ras'' Mare'ed and ''Ras'' Guebre then restored Salomon as Emperor the following month.〔Weld Blundell, ''Royal chronicle'', pp. 460f〕 However, ''Ras'' Wolde Gabriel marched on Gondar and a battle was fought between him and ''Ras'' Mare'ed on 22 July; both Wolde Gabriel and Mare'ed were killed, but Salomon's supporters were defeated. Salomon was deposed and put into chains by ''Dejazmach'' Gugsa and ''Dejazmach'' Alula, who were in the victorious army, and replaced him five days later with Demetros, the great-grandson of Emperor Fasilides.〔Weld Blundell, ''Royal chronicle'', p. 462〕 In 1802, Salomon was reportedly still a prisoner, but at that time in Tigray.〔Weld Blundell, ''Royal chronicle'', p. 471〕
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